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今日就用呢一杯Gin & Tonic276Please respect copyright.PENANABNE7VeY5EG
同大家講吓呢個喺各大討論區久唔久都會問嘅問題276Please respect copyright.PENANAqsVgkOxyUS
首先要簡單講講個時代背景先276Please respect copyright.PENANAVwvIqSnSMg
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通向東方嘅貿易路線就咁畀班異教徒壟斷咗276Please respect copyright.PENANA0EJsP0E9Qm
運往歐洲嘅香料茶葉以至各式各樣嘅東方商品276Please respect copyright.PENANAELGMXvVAwX
買少見少之餘亦都水漲船高276Please respect copyright.PENANADeOo4as9xD
其中畀人食水食得最甘嘅276Please respect copyright.PENANAVYVsZMaHfA
就係距離中東最遠歐洲最西邊嗰兩隻牙276Please respect copyright.PENANA7oI4DPubb2
喺咁大嘅經濟誘因下276Please respect copyright.PENANA10QRCd7IRj
呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
首先傳嚟“好消息”嘅係西班牙276Please respect copyright.PENANAsyZrrjhV0X
1493年3月15日星期五中午 276Please respect copyright.PENANARxzOhr1BCl
哥倫布同佢捉返嚟嗰幾個“印度人”喺西班牙嘅帕洛斯港登岸276Please respect copyright.PENANAgYhkAV0nnD
斐迪南同伊莎貝拉嗰兩公婆梗係開心到癲啦276Please respect copyright.PENANAbqunmrzyT4
西班牙國王斐迪南同王后伊莎貝拉接見哥倫布276Please respect copyright.PENANABKeYNIeIMq
跟住葡萄牙亦傳嚟捷報276Please respect copyright.PENANAr4PVJV6KOQ
華士古·達伽馬喺1498年繞過非洲最南端嘅好望角到達印度嘅西岸276Please respect copyright.PENANA2fAfHTNjw2
從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網276Please respect copyright.PENANAYAxbcx5WYy
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
事情就梗係唔會咁一帆風順啦276Please respect copyright.PENANAR3fYjK62Vg
意大利航海家亞美利哥·韋斯普奇喺1506年到達南美洲最南面嘅巴塔哥尼亞276Please respect copyright.PENANA3W1ZXSYwMv
證實咗哥倫布搵到嘅唔係亞洲而係全新嘅大陸276Please respect copyright.PENANAHpjEfAPqe9
(佢個名“Amerigo”亦都成為呢塊新大陸嘅名“America”)276Please respect copyright.PENANApiGiE6hG51
咁既然唔係亞洲276Please respect copyright.PENANAXYW37pxA46
自然就唔會有好似胡椒肉桂呢啲比黃金仲值錢嘅香料276Please respect copyright.PENANApdFkJmmZ4J
好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀276Please respect copyright.PENANAFEmn5G62SM
唉唔理喇殺晒班生番攞晒啲黃金先再講啦276Please respect copyright.PENANANCGtFRSaqi
就係咁喺槍炮同病毒嘅幫助下276Please respect copyright.PENANAbkNzL5twUN
美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇276Please respect copyright.PENANAaGyh7N4axl
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時276Please respect copyright.PENANAucd0UHFUGk
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地276Please respect copyright.PENANAU2JBypiWnO
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力276Please respect copyright.PENANAVIHkosqfNW
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累276Please respect copyright.PENANAEVh03GDcmp
第一代日不落帝國最頂盛時期版圖276Please respect copyright.PENANA4YUSBI0pEF
西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗276Please respect copyright.PENANA0BZrDv98y3
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多276Please respect copyright.PENANAiAuTe6iOIa
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易276Please respect copyright.PENANA2y2LlNDhKS
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水276Please respect copyright.PENANAMSJUC2L0ZS
不過來回里斯本至印度西岸果亞嘅航線長度276Please respect copyright.PENANAGYxqm2gbnH
同環繞赤道一周差唔多276Please respect copyright.PENANAQ5D0k6xBwY
成個航程好彩嘅就一年鬆啲276Please respect copyright.PENANAEbTKA1SZOe
萬一有咩阻滯276Please respect copyright.PENANAiH8yYLHMAp
船隊趕唔切喺8月尾前趕到赤道276Please respect copyright.PENANAtVVm1lGseO
食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢276Please respect copyright.PENANAWEHfj2xaNa
就仆得街喇276Please respect copyright.PENANAShrkNgD1ni
成隊船要喺東非呆等半年276Please respect copyright.PENANAAklQgKYnqL
到下一年嘅春季起風先行得276Please respect copyright.PENANAIPXpOs45Mg
跟住去到印度又要等到冬天276Please respect copyright.PENANAr2KmuuPyql
啲季候風先會轉向吹去東非276Please respect copyright.PENANAutIQFMB7c2
前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年276Please respect copyright.PENANAjvEqLNNbg8
而航程咁長咁耐真係咩事都可以發生276Please respect copyright.PENANA7KqKkLWIrn
成程船又要驚風暴擱淺276Please respect copyright.PENANA0knmhBmOpg
又要驚海盜、壞血病等等等等276Please respect copyright.PENANAVdkEF9FrPf
(達伽馬第一次到達印度嘅航程,177個水手就有122個死於壞血病,包括佢個親兄弟)276Please respect copyright.PENANAeQWpLJo6Lu
另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支276Please respect copyright.PENANAwFnjj2T333
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊276Please respect copyright.PENANA7bPzn3gvvT
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢276Please respect copyright.PENANAI8CKJesEeS
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講276Please respect copyright.PENANAdTnhOuAnkD
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉276Please respect copyright.PENANAVtpFlIXbJk
就算食到都消化不良啦276Please respect copyright.PENANAhKGAbBUVKP
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站276Please respect copyright.PENANAEy8i7wh3ou
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向276Please respect copyright.PENANAzG2kjHkQG4
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞276Please respect copyright.PENANA9HvZPcrLzy
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多276Please respect copyright.PENANA3hpZ4ZbMXn
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:276Please respect copyright.PENANAj5TsmDWLdy
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢276Please respect copyright.PENANAjoy1daaa7e
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫276Please respect copyright.PENANAAW855hxYLJ
咁既然新大陸嘅氣候同東方咁接近276Please respect copyright.PENANAgVTAIlsmdN
話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎276Please respect copyright.PENANAK1YYshuIaO
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力276Please respect copyright.PENANACjsvv4juDq
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁276Please respect copyright.PENANAbL6zI7KePR
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩276Please respect copyright.PENANANtljmLyMAe
美洲有耕地276Please respect copyright.PENANARO5zLI8Wrm
非洲有人力276Please respect copyright.PENANAfmv2YjJOj0
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心276Please respect copyright.PENANAKreFvMf71S
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦276Please respect copyright.PENANATiLrcpKCb7
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢276Please respect copyright.PENANA0kkklzlkBR
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼276Please respect copyright.PENANAjV5POz6FGk
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢276Please respect copyright.PENANAmwHnm9LEoO
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國276Please respect copyright.PENANAorMOxYq2TO
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦276Please respect copyright.PENANACXziJIg6ZK
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行276Please respect copyright.PENANAkg3PhTufjC
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣276Please respect copyright.PENANABO36IzaWy1
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴276Please respect copyright.PENANAJVzVrfelBL
由此激發各國投入人力物力276Please respect copyright.PENANArOwsXUnGZB
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器276Please respect copyright.PENANA9qQtDDiezU
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船276Please respect copyright.PENANARvMHoruNJy
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展276Please respect copyright.PENANAvR7vrS3WZV
天文學、機械工程、物流、金融等等等等276Please respect copyright.PENANAPJ9EE3Y30r
如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話276Please respect copyright.PENANADVmrTn96xG
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易276Please respect copyright.PENANAm7vHhLSvnl
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲276Please respect copyright.PENANAVYdNKfxQ85為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度276Please respect copyright.PENANAuRhej4l5Rn
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:276Please respect copyright.PENANABZGQMGdkIx
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?276Please respect copyright.PENANAI6MHmf9tXn
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒276Please respect copyright.PENANAU4ge8Y10xu
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀276Please respect copyright.PENANArGwcn1FyLJ
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢276Please respect copyright.PENANAwQrlUhln1X
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成276Please respect copyright.PENANAolYSBTBKvu
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉276Please respect copyright.PENANApI8Qh89bAH
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現276Please respect copyright.PENANAOzf91ELM1S
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲276Please respect copyright.PENANAl9UOsSjf3u
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉276Please respect copyright.PENANABoN8gpYqfa
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團276Please respect copyright.PENANAX4WwsSnUeC
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議276Please respect copyright.PENANA5fM3sZau0F
準備選出新教宗喇276Please respect copyright.PENANAGruQzV9bh2
大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖276Please respect copyright.PENANA7K2DJKhfCw
自16世紀起276Please respect copyright.PENANAzN8qPhe9tB
呢個小圈子選舉276Please respect copyright.PENANA2Iu3ZHZirz
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控276Please respect copyright.PENANAmLFFMBgSXM
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益276Please respect copyright.PENANA24qTbwqjek
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營276Please respect copyright.PENANA1PA7UpX7nZ
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤276Please respect copyright.PENANAScdGXA3eFd
有時仲會大打出手276Please respect copyright.PENANAXYb33oNQLM
好似1605年3月嗰次276Please respect copyright.PENANAraFIEbGoDG
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨276Please respect copyright.PENANAwzpTdp1KYl
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈276Please respect copyright.PENANAJrMGAiVAYN
不過呢個唔係今集重點276Please respect copyright.PENANAhoSEafeK3f
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇276Please respect copyright.PENANAEImTgDsTlc
我直接講個結果:276Please respect copyright.PENANAHyUyQ3en1x
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗276Please respect copyright.PENANAAzBYwAKg9n
法號伍朋八世276Please respect copyright.PENANAwULrTHB9f8
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員276Please respect copyright.PENANA7FWpzx7jnk
…276Please respect copyright.PENANAUy4szl83JI
..276Please respect copyright.PENANAlFoEcoW1Nt
.276Please respect copyright.PENANARM4py3L0EW
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???276Please respect copyright.PENANAbKY7rAQr0m
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦276Please respect copyright.PENANAIXRhbsuVBv
佢地其實係病死嘅276Please respect copyright.PENANAFm09pbhszb
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"276Please respect copyright.PENANAET3hqrF9zK
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇276Please respect copyright.PENANAGsqNhxbMiz
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播276Please respect copyright.PENANAHxl4zdNx2n
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時276Please respect copyright.PENANAOjZ2OqEIkm
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味276Please respect copyright.PENANAv9QwDkn7jI
係會令人發燒同病死276Please respect copyright.PENANATmKREwUwOL
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾276Please respect copyright.PENANAKIc8GRvudH
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後276Please respect copyright.PENANA1s7FOTHFOv
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘276Please respect copyright.PENANAPqzwTUTLME
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體276Please respect copyright.PENANA3aIKGo5NOp
帶返去羅馬本土喇276Please respect copyright.PENANAiYgB5i5XYK
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶276Please respect copyright.PENANA27tipUhBqy
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖276Please respect copyright.PENANAQmrATyp1rG
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地276Please respect copyright.PENANAbSEHCPxoWs
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣276Please respect copyright.PENANALsaO7hK64H
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時276Please respect copyright.PENANAkuoxIwNJ73
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命276Please respect copyright.PENANAbd0JIWoHjb
額我略十五世唔遲唔早276Please respect copyright.PENANAaDZFfMrms2
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋276Please respect copyright.PENANATvAxPnUERi
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇276Please respect copyright.PENANAPfx0YEvE4J
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世276Please respect copyright.PENANA5s0vfrZw6V
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召276Please respect copyright.PENANAJQQOyYLJBU
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦276Please respect copyright.PENANAMUDc0Dia2K
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病276Please respect copyright.PENANANNuKEWTNXF
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史276Please respect copyright.PENANAvDVEVuIgsg
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦276Please respect copyright.PENANAD92WLF1d8X
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾276Please respect copyright.PENANA7y2ZmQdkZV
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法276Please respect copyright.PENANACoQrLVZPKm
真係唔醫好過醫276Please respect copyright.PENANALQ8Z4Ox8VQ
不過喺呢個大航海時代276Please respect copyright.PENANASCyqgJCwAI
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢276Please respect copyright.PENANAuuEwzXjYaq
16世紀起276Please respect copyright.PENANAQNVwrgLdRN
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊276Please respect copyright.PENANAPagtGFXaJe
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲276Please respect copyright.PENANAtPlWKm1Kbo
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛276Please respect copyright.PENANAlrN32UF6h3
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人276Please respect copyright.PENANAzrqKYpxmYb
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣276Please respect copyright.PENANAtAqD5R3GbE
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目276Please respect copyright.PENANANOVj61IVI1
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材276Please respect copyright.PENANATJbb2LSSfe
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英276Please respect copyright.PENANAU9EwzoMemn
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落276Please respect copyright.PENANAKosbQofPhw
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦276Please respect copyright.PENANAVauEgG3jlk
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情276Please respect copyright.PENANAGERhPWNHiE
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....276Please respect copyright.PENANAFIzK8ayspu
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸276Please respect copyright.PENANA5j76Gw9TIT
喺呢個地理大發現時代276Please respect copyright.PENANANwW4zLvVF6
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置276Please respect copyright.PENANAgxfeyh6dhi
呢個故事嘅主要成份276Please respect copyright.PENANAGrKMplfnZ8
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初276Please respect copyright.PENANAVGCasLHz0L
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬276Please respect copyright.PENANA7ZeoIpIDwp
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後276Please respect copyright.PENANA9po9tuJrqz
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土276Please respect copyright.PENANAEZ9qqjGoJe
就畀西班牙殖民者建立起一個又一個嘅果園﹑酒莊同農場276Please respect copyright.PENANAxPR3rxiVfF
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要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵276Please respect copyright.PENANAiySES9t962
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉276Please respect copyright.PENANAmHFB2Tj1Ey
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病276Please respect copyright.PENANAS0iRID7GbD
服從性有幾高可想而知276Please respect copyright.PENANABXjvSZA4yh
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫276Please respect copyright.PENANADf8hmnxrup
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話276Please respect copyright.PENANAG4s2Tzl6yw
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講276Please respect copyright.PENANAoxwoTqlJV6
無疑係甘上加甘276Please respect copyright.PENANA10DZ6xTQac
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢276Please respect copyright.PENANAFOdId6Ol6V
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000276Please respect copyright.PENANA8cYfFe9FZw
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度276Please respect copyright.PENANAIx6pAWtktO
錢就使咗效果又冇276Please respect copyright.PENANA0wgXX10ycB
咁點搞?276Please respect copyright.PENANAAmq65UKEfx
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”276Please respect copyright.PENANANaVNsfFRLY
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案276Please respect copyright.PENANAgBoZhUNBLJ
作為糖嘅發源地276Please respect copyright.PENANAJ4l7RAiRl2
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像276Please respect copyright.PENANA1iIOPx9C3m
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右276Please respect copyright.PENANAVOEycJ8a0e
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官276Please respect copyright.PENANAfndTlvKbyK
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:276Please respect copyright.PENANAMcDu8PtV44
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧276Please respect copyright.PENANAYFpNUw13Um
溶入高濃度糖水276Please respect copyright.PENANAq5NvcIM4IT
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮276Please respect copyright.PENANA03rcsSdSXJ
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿276Please respect copyright.PENANA2zGU56Q8ji
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度276Please respect copyright.PENANApkuPG6ZGYz
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇276Please respect copyright.PENANAoMyotEEBgv
啲軍官再進一步276Please respect copyright.PENANApYN3At2Ei7
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒276Please respect copyright.PENANAkdr2ISEvYU
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
276Please respect copyright.PENANAGNpPIAMOBb
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆276Please respect copyright.PENANACfE3PM73nK
法國人曾經試過用紅酒276Please respect copyright.PENANA3yI2aonoVM
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪276Please respect copyright.PENANAM8WIg40AQN
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水276Please respect copyright.PENANA3u7UKH5P8t
味道完全唔融和276Please respect copyright.PENANAdwUxnEo5Kq
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味276Please respect copyright.PENANAsgw49Tvj1O
後來研究發現276Please respect copyright.PENANAxGR7PNSz4i
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份276Please respect copyright.PENANAJAXv8OZW06
同奎寧結合成聚合體276Please respect copyright.PENANAGUF6zj2mEs
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道276Please respect copyright.PENANAWH3h4nfoKa
呢個偶然嘅發現276Please respect copyright.PENANAu6n4d5U4DR
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎276Please respect copyright.PENANAIrtkyyAtxR
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵276Please respect copyright.PENANAEzyNIU9ZK4
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧276Please respect copyright.PENANA7sXE3q9t4s
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥276Please respect copyright.PENANAwoCN5QNuaQ
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品276Please respect copyright.PENANAO5kNz0ZZOX
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度276Please respect copyright.PENANAkLjRKYriXC
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品276Please respect copyright.PENANAdRiORocjCD
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)276Please respect copyright.PENANAQhWy7oZjv1
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水276Please respect copyright.PENANA098bfiIQLd
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水276Please respect copyright.PENANAjTpI7s1uTc
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命276Please respect copyright.PENANAnk2wTAS1TS
例如喺1875年276Please respect copyright.PENANAM807htTVcH
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率276Please respect copyright.PENANAuCeLkvBnHA
已經跌到去1.5%276Please respect copyright.PENANAznrEiJNpKB
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面276Please respect copyright.PENANAXM5M2IZdmp
下集會講吓276Please respect copyright.PENANAB3Rf4c6Tpd
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥276Please respect copyright.PENANAAuh1wquig3
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運276Please respect copyright.PENANAp1JtyrRZeD276Please respect copyright.PENANAWiTkRG9Su4