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一分鐘都仲係得嗰60秒285Please respect copyright.PENANAW7JwS0VbXy
大家有冇諗過係咩原因呢?285Please respect copyright.PENANAgeP0beJZJ0
今日就用呢一杯Gin & Tonic285Please respect copyright.PENANAORTAweFNf0
同大家講吓呢個喺各大討論區久唔久都會問嘅問題285Please respect copyright.PENANA5IXEvohuAU
首先要簡單講講個時代背景先285Please respect copyright.PENANAvOGJNKQsaV
自蒙古冧檔鄂圖曼崛起後285Please respect copyright.PENANACQVQ9rroK9
通向東方嘅貿易路線就咁畀班異教徒壟斷咗285Please respect copyright.PENANA0YtwN49QKC
運往歐洲嘅香料茶葉以至各式各樣嘅東方商品285Please respect copyright.PENANAmz9Io68m2x
買少見少之餘亦都水漲船高285Please respect copyright.PENANAKjYPNJ6hs4
其中畀人食水食得最甘嘅285Please respect copyright.PENANA2AOQIP7bND
就係距離中東最遠歐洲最西邊嗰兩隻牙285Please respect copyright.PENANAkX9qqU1Ex9
喺咁大嘅經濟誘因下285Please respect copyright.PENANAWGitFjTXHS
呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
首先傳嚟“好消息”嘅係西班牙285Please respect copyright.PENANA8ewhd0nSoN
1493年3月15日星期五中午 285Please respect copyright.PENANAXXshx2iIQ2
哥倫布同佢捉返嚟嗰幾個“印度人”喺西班牙嘅帕洛斯港登岸285Please respect copyright.PENANAMokmUWsoHg
斐迪南同伊莎貝拉嗰兩公婆梗係開心到癲啦285Please respect copyright.PENANArziYO1LqIP
西班牙國王斐迪南同王后伊莎貝拉接見哥倫布285Please respect copyright.PENANAakN6EmH8Wj
跟住葡萄牙亦傳嚟捷報285Please respect copyright.PENANA4RM1u169ij
華士古·達伽馬喺1498年繞過非洲最南端嘅好望角到達印度嘅西岸285Please respect copyright.PENANAcjmVNYD8DX
從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網285Please respect copyright.PENANAIt7ja0mV39
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
事情就梗係唔會咁一帆風順啦285Please respect copyright.PENANAlnHpDUbuMG
意大利航海家亞美利哥·韋斯普奇喺1506年到達南美洲最南面嘅巴塔哥尼亞285Please respect copyright.PENANAKb74oElz3M
證實咗哥倫布搵到嘅唔係亞洲而係全新嘅大陸285Please respect copyright.PENANAwNZnln7jHT
(佢個名“Amerigo”亦都成為呢塊新大陸嘅名“America”)285Please respect copyright.PENANAab3u1mAEKp
咁既然唔係亞洲285Please respect copyright.PENANAUY9h3QLdNb
自然就唔會有好似胡椒肉桂呢啲比黃金仲值錢嘅香料285Please respect copyright.PENANATLnqAomQxK
好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀285Please respect copyright.PENANA9hm80OvFoh
唉唔理喇殺晒班生番攞晒啲黃金先再講啦285Please respect copyright.PENANAtTRlolRAdr
就係咁喺槍炮同病毒嘅幫助下285Please respect copyright.PENANAMRHR6WMw5G
美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇285Please respect copyright.PENANAJVLIlg6RP8
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時285Please respect copyright.PENANADlb8BBxCqS
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地285Please respect copyright.PENANArBrX79o0Sa
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力285Please respect copyright.PENANARfnJ7WQ3JP
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累285Please respect copyright.PENANA8QK0knJUTs
第一代日不落帝國最頂盛時期版圖285Please respect copyright.PENANAFJKkagMHUu
西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗285Please respect copyright.PENANASOEDoBD5ZS
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多285Please respect copyright.PENANAYoGlpJaaXF
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易285Please respect copyright.PENANABA7gUIblqO
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水285Please respect copyright.PENANAbJSnah6Eep
不過來回里斯本至印度西岸果亞嘅航線長度285Please respect copyright.PENANArNOxJMJbD9
同環繞赤道一周差唔多285Please respect copyright.PENANAGBuJGQaFA0
成個航程好彩嘅就一年鬆啲285Please respect copyright.PENANAeGzt37XS1N
萬一有咩阻滯285Please respect copyright.PENANABJ1G3jLjbz
船隊趕唔切喺8月尾前趕到赤道285Please respect copyright.PENANAW7Yduqdwuc
食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢285Please respect copyright.PENANA5OJHzHHCHY
就仆得街喇285Please respect copyright.PENANArGmnmMdheE
成隊船要喺東非呆等半年285Please respect copyright.PENANA9OOgzAewhP
到下一年嘅春季起風先行得285Please respect copyright.PENANA7j82JdYxHK
跟住去到印度又要等到冬天285Please respect copyright.PENANAZ0J9riDI4u
啲季候風先會轉向吹去東非285Please respect copyright.PENANAuidKhNZNkH
前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年285Please respect copyright.PENANA8q6C5t90UH
而航程咁長咁耐真係咩事都可以發生285Please respect copyright.PENANAyzXu8maheB
成程船又要驚風暴擱淺285Please respect copyright.PENANA58QaluxJxD
又要驚海盜、壞血病等等等等285Please respect copyright.PENANAjUwkPHaQGj
(達伽馬第一次到達印度嘅航程,177個水手就有122個死於壞血病,包括佢個親兄弟)285Please respect copyright.PENANABg6HNxgUaa
另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支285Please respect copyright.PENANASYkh0n9P5K
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊285Please respect copyright.PENANAh774YDH3u1
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢285Please respect copyright.PENANAYp28dRz3cm
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講285Please respect copyright.PENANAvoWcqMsWoR
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉285Please respect copyright.PENANATBczr2yUN6
就算食到都消化不良啦285Please respect copyright.PENANAhyPDqHRHbz
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站285Please respect copyright.PENANAJFloLrdvhs
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向285Please respect copyright.PENANA1OUgoJg3IZ
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞285Please respect copyright.PENANAtHQmbr7tVj
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多285Please respect copyright.PENANAffP0TMVDwI
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:285Please respect copyright.PENANA7Qj5GtGbaF
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢285Please respect copyright.PENANAsbIROUtKEN
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫285Please respect copyright.PENANAH2fotBhE2o
咁既然新大陸嘅氣候同東方咁接近285Please respect copyright.PENANAPF3SVYICwy
話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎285Please respect copyright.PENANAAbnEiZWdS3
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力285Please respect copyright.PENANAdAKpkpZbfI
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁285Please respect copyright.PENANAlL8Z2fnJSs
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩285Please respect copyright.PENANAcubyp5u5u3
美洲有耕地285Please respect copyright.PENANAUjNpVqzxjt
非洲有人力285Please respect copyright.PENANAMP4SPj8sf2
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心285Please respect copyright.PENANARog6ZeUz85
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦285Please respect copyright.PENANAHqog9QEMd6
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢285Please respect copyright.PENANA1tV2WqPQ5r
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼285Please respect copyright.PENANAtS5iG22TLu
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢285Please respect copyright.PENANAY3O3p2b99t
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國285Please respect copyright.PENANAMJykEgptMh
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦285Please respect copyright.PENANA0eRliVauhp
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行285Please respect copyright.PENANArs2BtY1dWy
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣285Please respect copyright.PENANAmrgLZ5ud74
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴285Please respect copyright.PENANAhDzgsa3M2A
由此激發各國投入人力物力285Please respect copyright.PENANA3F8DGWNcsI
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器285Please respect copyright.PENANABhkpPyfbqP
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船285Please respect copyright.PENANAhceOcaK9PY
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展285Please respect copyright.PENANA56rjTx71ne
天文學、機械工程、物流、金融等等等等285Please respect copyright.PENANAOAYpj8oxtU
如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話285Please respect copyright.PENANATNB9bbt6zW
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易285Please respect copyright.PENANAx38QtvlK4P
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲285Please respect copyright.PENANApMS8AfMcfH為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度285Please respect copyright.PENANAowGQD7WPFH
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:285Please respect copyright.PENANAVaxrMdtGU8
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?285Please respect copyright.PENANARQ4m78pfV8
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒285Please respect copyright.PENANApRUj1tV00A
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀285Please respect copyright.PENANAX7JYYL1Xjz
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢285Please respect copyright.PENANAXURLXziBP4
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成285Please respect copyright.PENANAWrEXtA4k9g
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉285Please respect copyright.PENANAGtBswFNs9a
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現285Please respect copyright.PENANApfWX8CpZ50
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲285Please respect copyright.PENANAWKNz6QY6ET
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉285Please respect copyright.PENANA2Rcf5td8Vn
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團285Please respect copyright.PENANAJc3pcqVWb2
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議285Please respect copyright.PENANAN4TFuOFKpy
準備選出新教宗喇285Please respect copyright.PENANAX3aZCuZpTE
大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖285Please respect copyright.PENANAr2Ti23imdI
自16世紀起285Please respect copyright.PENANAdmV53hpDNG
呢個小圈子選舉285Please respect copyright.PENANASgvb3VnZHz
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控285Please respect copyright.PENANAvBgWWinBbN
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益285Please respect copyright.PENANA57YNs2opVX
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營285Please respect copyright.PENANA1wWR9RYebZ
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤285Please respect copyright.PENANA27V5ohI472
有時仲會大打出手285Please respect copyright.PENANA35Bge5V37q
好似1605年3月嗰次285Please respect copyright.PENANA2TrZ2uUjyv
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨285Please respect copyright.PENANAKl69D5OYCV
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈285Please respect copyright.PENANAUBq1INGwLH
不過呢個唔係今集重點285Please respect copyright.PENANAfOi3hgL76r
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇285Please respect copyright.PENANAzO9T86mpg0
我直接講個結果:285Please respect copyright.PENANASUepCharb7
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗285Please respect copyright.PENANAaBKPIlu1Oi
法號伍朋八世285Please respect copyright.PENANAIlFJQ17Q0O
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員285Please respect copyright.PENANA84GhAGUgWl
…285Please respect copyright.PENANAaNFj8PMX8s
..285Please respect copyright.PENANAzSbIp91Uec
.285Please respect copyright.PENANAcTqY7m7Oj9
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???285Please respect copyright.PENANAhavRojbnMF
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦285Please respect copyright.PENANAMSBRxHh56z
佢地其實係病死嘅285Please respect copyright.PENANA4rcbn3pM7Z
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"285Please respect copyright.PENANAGSjAk3SOYj
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇285Please respect copyright.PENANAsbIRFi7Amk
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播285Please respect copyright.PENANAVhOn56AXiN
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時285Please respect copyright.PENANAyddeIQwuDT
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味285Please respect copyright.PENANAaI9NkqrTSi
係會令人發燒同病死285Please respect copyright.PENANATtcqf2PYI3
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾285Please respect copyright.PENANAygIwxGG5Co
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後285Please respect copyright.PENANAwAMBuwrEk3
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘285Please respect copyright.PENANANt9NwzBMqr
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體285Please respect copyright.PENANAHOja78TNCQ
帶返去羅馬本土喇285Please respect copyright.PENANAgNz4lrH58h
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶285Please respect copyright.PENANABkQhoPHtBr
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖285Please respect copyright.PENANAZNKFhafflr
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地285Please respect copyright.PENANAxID9yCNWhS
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣285Please respect copyright.PENANAZfQmztCfFT
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時285Please respect copyright.PENANA4K3naz1TOv
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命285Please respect copyright.PENANAAausoF6hp4
額我略十五世唔遲唔早285Please respect copyright.PENANAbfjYBlGGR4
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋285Please respect copyright.PENANAgqXkZo3haK
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇285Please respect copyright.PENANAtVx9Tgb9Dy
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世285Please respect copyright.PENANALkqqkCckhp
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召285Please respect copyright.PENANAAQ3ux0rNgH
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦285Please respect copyright.PENANAQAUfXgAXEs
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病285Please respect copyright.PENANAbx6MZw3VIQ
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史285Please respect copyright.PENANAmZ42TANEg0
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦285Please respect copyright.PENANAXQrGVFeCZ9
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾285Please respect copyright.PENANAfxE9xbJ7eH
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法285Please respect copyright.PENANAHcp8zVYnRG
真係唔醫好過醫285Please respect copyright.PENANAKWRyj7MXQz
不過喺呢個大航海時代285Please respect copyright.PENANAW3NecLNEmW
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢285Please respect copyright.PENANAWAueKjVKf1
16世紀起285Please respect copyright.PENANAK9eGl1cdqt
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊285Please respect copyright.PENANAFUaFAmqgYy
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲285Please respect copyright.PENANAVsx0k5pstb
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛285Please respect copyright.PENANAPlPO1YtoUs
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人285Please respect copyright.PENANAHdUjoiGxft
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣285Please respect copyright.PENANApHruJpPRTu
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目285Please respect copyright.PENANAqtR1j5drCs
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材285Please respect copyright.PENANA02NuzyiXbB
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英285Please respect copyright.PENANAvWM1m7PAWH
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落285Please respect copyright.PENANAZMkI2EDaSL
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦285Please respect copyright.PENANAr6vQY9Wosr
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情285Please respect copyright.PENANA7P3TLf2TO6
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....285Please respect copyright.PENANAlDXzHoyNsx
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸285Please respect copyright.PENANAmoq2XNs430
喺呢個地理大發現時代285Please respect copyright.PENANAMEHoX3DSZm
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置285Please respect copyright.PENANA7Q94cKZk4i
呢個故事嘅主要成份285Please respect copyright.PENANAoWyTGiNyCA
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初285Please respect copyright.PENANAsEJAQQBAU6
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬285Please respect copyright.PENANA2jazRr4vJd
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後285Please respect copyright.PENANAbS62oD5Nih
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土285Please respect copyright.PENANAroCK9RiLps
就畀西班牙殖民者建立起一個又一個嘅果園﹑酒莊同農場285Please respect copyright.PENANArMc9jp0lnb
咁有農地自然就要灌溉285Please respect copyright.PENANA3qR3K2PdVQ
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就成為秘魯總督區最值錢嘅商品喇
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哥倫布大轉移
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就唔同咁講喇285Please respect copyright.PENANAIRVY0Q7XqF
要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵285Please respect copyright.PENANAJkUAgKD6uW
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉285Please respect copyright.PENANAVUw2ExuHCj
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病285Please respect copyright.PENANANvoYs0bVdE
服從性有幾高可想而知285Please respect copyright.PENANAXskQT4F0Kk
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫285Please respect copyright.PENANAUs0Sl4dxlH
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話285Please respect copyright.PENANA2Y3X8iAmyV
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講285Please respect copyright.PENANAHn1YiS8JXK
無疑係甘上加甘285Please respect copyright.PENANAsQbF8xrCax
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢285Please respect copyright.PENANAcMPyE3jSOb
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000285Please respect copyright.PENANAKnCdTZGGT7
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度285Please respect copyright.PENANAbxfctYJzZA
錢就使咗效果又冇285Please respect copyright.PENANAl2e9FtNkXB
咁點搞?285Please respect copyright.PENANAVslB0MuS7n
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”285Please respect copyright.PENANAvlKzEC0S4O
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案285Please respect copyright.PENANA1OReiTEzjC
作為糖嘅發源地285Please respect copyright.PENANAK42Vuxjebt
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像285Please respect copyright.PENANARIIaTrZDZB
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右285Please respect copyright.PENANAFVY2EmICZY
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官285Please respect copyright.PENANA41XBKK0xH4
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:285Please respect copyright.PENANAJBiQ50hgds
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧285Please respect copyright.PENANAsUWnvmtCgN
溶入高濃度糖水285Please respect copyright.PENANAcGM3X7Ak2W
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮285Please respect copyright.PENANArt1tTZFoS4
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿285Please respect copyright.PENANAKBYX5KA9Lq
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度285Please respect copyright.PENANAReIT66sVx4
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇285Please respect copyright.PENANAhDXhsyVRL7
啲軍官再進一步285Please respect copyright.PENANAzZjG6H5kMK
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒285Please respect copyright.PENANAoqdGUrGnan
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
285Please respect copyright.PENANAcs8db2xRiI
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆285Please respect copyright.PENANAdgDnfB5oeH
法國人曾經試過用紅酒285Please respect copyright.PENANAcQfwkd7BaQ
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪285Please respect copyright.PENANA224aWlBonm
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水285Please respect copyright.PENANATi3Mitw23R
味道完全唔融和285Please respect copyright.PENANA2uww4wMH0T
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味285Please respect copyright.PENANAI32HgCjnKz
後來研究發現285Please respect copyright.PENANAdVGBC8F5it
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份285Please respect copyright.PENANAD5O30oyk6l
同奎寧結合成聚合體285Please respect copyright.PENANAktjuTyakW6
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道285Please respect copyright.PENANAEkmwKgE0iL
呢個偶然嘅發現285Please respect copyright.PENANA6pen2spW51
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎285Please respect copyright.PENANATBcdgIQ885
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵285Please respect copyright.PENANAUEtvCSR6FL
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧285Please respect copyright.PENANAsnBTtSg48W
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥285Please respect copyright.PENANA5Mq3B43E21
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品285Please respect copyright.PENANAhRaUUiu0wJ
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度285Please respect copyright.PENANAE88yJEqBND
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品285Please respect copyright.PENANAA277MFmrnI
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)285Please respect copyright.PENANA3zXSDBzBaB
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水285Please respect copyright.PENANAMXQwVTRJRT
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水285Please respect copyright.PENANADDhyqlIvkP
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命285Please respect copyright.PENANAhMWQUWCHeF
例如喺1875年285Please respect copyright.PENANAmp4B1IfRiJ
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率285Please respect copyright.PENANABuXGn9sXEN
已經跌到去1.5%285Please respect copyright.PENANAJ44oocEvyM
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面285Please respect copyright.PENANAc8oUpvqs93
下集會講吓285Please respect copyright.PENANAZUXvmj7LtR
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥285Please respect copyright.PENANAU6VJL3Nnu1
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運285Please respect copyright.PENANA8CyWSPQqHh285Please respect copyright.PENANAmuwwPnu1u3